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Conductivity sensors and transmitters are used in many industries such as food, chemicals, life sciences, pharmaceuticals, water and energy. They use the principle of electrical conductivity to measure the concentration of ions in a solution. Sensors usually consist of two electrodes that are placed in the measured solution. When an electric current is applied to the solution, the ions in the solution will move to the electrodes and conduct current. Conductivity electrodes are made of a conductive material such as platinum or gold. The choice of sensor depends on the application and conductivity range. Conductive sensors are used to measure low conductivity in pure and ultrapure water. Toroidal sensors are used in highly conductive media (e.g. milk, beer, bases, acids, brine).
